Be able to identify which of the phyla represented here exhibit radial or bilateral symmetry, the presence or absence of different tissues, and diploblastic versus triploblastic organization. The phylum ctenophora is a small phylum containing about 90 species of generally small and delicate animals known as comb jellies. Porifera have a cellular, rather than tissular, level of organization, without any true nervous or. Phylum ctenophora, commonly known as comb jellies, includes 7 orders, with over 200 currently known species of biradially symmetrical, acoelomate organisms that resemble cnidarians. The phylum ctenophora takes its name from two greek words, ktenos comb and phora bearing, as they possess eight comb like plates of locomotion. Phylum ctenophora comb jellies phylulm ctenophora phylulm ctenophora phylum ctenophora comb bearers defining characteristics plates of fused cilia arranged in rows adhesive prey capturing cells colloblasts comb jellies are delicate, transparent, nonstinging predators phylulm ctenophora ctenophora structure similar in structure to cnidaria medusa poorly studied due to fragile nature.
The ctenophores, or comb jellies, are transparent animals be. These animals, the socalled comb jellies, possess a biradial symmetry of organization and have eight rows of comblike plates as the main locomotory structures. Compound eyes which contain several thousand lenses leading to a. Ppt phylum ctenophora powerpoint presentation free to. The actual taxonomic classification for the phylum ctenophora is inconsistent and should be thoroughly revised.
Phylum ctenophora, commonly known as comb jellies, includes 7 orders, with. The preliminary c is pronounced in most european languages as a syllable ka. Phylum ctenophora the comb jellies, with many comblike rows of cilia and biradial symmetry like a twoarmed pinwheel. In american english, the name is pronounced with a silent c, as teenofour or tenofour. Ctenophores greek for combbearers have eight comb rows of fused cilia arranged along the sides of the animal, clearly visible along the red lines in these pictures. The key difference between cnidaria and ctenophora is that the cnidaria show alteration of generation between medusa and polyp, while ctenophora does not show alteration of generation.
Lobates and cestids lose the characteristic paired feeding tentacles as they grow. Radial symmetry 2 forms a sessile polyp stage and a freeswimming medusa stage a polyp adheres to the substrate by the aboral end of its body a medusa has a bellshaped body. Phylum ctenophora comb jellies, similar to jellyfish but they have a simpler life cycle and they lack nematocysts, so they capture prey with sticky cells on two long tentacles, moves around when combs of cilia beat in sequence. The body bears eight external rows of ciliated comb plateswhich help in, locomotion figure 4. Phylum ctenophora questions and study guide quizlet.
Each of these is found in at least some stage of the life cycle of all members. A phylum of exclusively marine organisms, formerly included in the jellyfish and polyps as coelenterates. They distinguish themselves from the other metazoans by their lack of bilateral symmetry. Insects are the most successful life form on the planet. These features make ctenophores capable of increasing their populations very. Presence of eight meridional rows of ciliary plates comb plates. Radiate animal characteristics meaning of phylum names classification cnidarian diversity body structure cell layers, gastr. Because they are so delicate that specimens are difficult to collect, little was known about them until the advent of bluewater scuba and submersible collecting. Pdf evolution and adaptive radiation of the phylum. Many species are quite and many are also almost transparent, a few species can be very beautiful as they have the ability to produce green and blue coloured light. Ctenophores, or comb jellies, are the common names for animals in the phylum ctenophora.
Ctenophora is a small phylum of marine animals, which are commonly known as comb jellies sea walnuts due to their jelly like consistncy and comb like locomotory organs. They are of planktonic habit floating in the surface waters, mostly near shores but a few live to depth of even 3000 metres. Sep 30, 2016 phylum cnidaria general characteristics hillary wilson. In this article we will discuss about the general characters and classification of phylum ctenophora. These animals have radial symmetry, though they are often biradially symmetric due to their 2 tentacles. They live in all depths of the ocean and are mostly planktonic. Some species move with a flapping motion of their lobes or undulations. Adhesive prey capturing cells colloblasts comb jellies are delicate, transparent, nonstinging predators. Porifera, cnidaria, and ctenophora are the most primitive clade of metazoans. Categories biology tags ctenophora, phylum ctenophora, phylums leave a comment. It consists of two main phyla cnidaria and ctenophora and approximately 15000 species included. Pdf this paper presents the first molecular phylogenetic analysis of the phylum ctenophora, by use of 18s.
Special adhesive cells, the colloblasts for capturing the prey. Difference between cnidaria and ctenophora compare the. Presence of adhesive cells colloblasts in the tentacles. The body read more phylum ctenophora characteristics, classification, examples. Phylum ctenophora definition of phylum ctenophora by the. Cnidaria authors kerry sink1, mark gibbons2, megan laird3, and lara atkinson4 citation sink kj, gibbons mj, laird mc and atkinson lj. The cilia provide locomotive power in most species, although some lobate species swim by contracting the. Phylum cnidaria radially symmetrical animals with stinging cells. Revised classification of the genus euplokamis chun, 1880 ctenophora. Porifera, cnidaria, ctenophora, platyhelminthes, rotifera, annelida objectives.
Ctenophora zooplankton university of tasmania, australia. Examine a ctenophore, and see how it can be distinguished from a cnidarian. What are the characteristics of animals in these phylums. Pages 7981 in marine invertebrates of the pacific northwest. These cilia beat synchronously and propel ctenophores through the water. Ctenophores do not have cnidae as in the cnidaria but many have a pair of long retractile tentacles, which can catch prey by means of sticky colloblasts. Ctenophores are also characterized by a pair of tentacles. In this article we will discuss about the phylum ctenophora. They are also known as sea walnuts or comb jellies. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Class hydrozoa solitary or colonial cnidaria with a polyp mouth facing upward. Phylum ctenophora radiate animals the diversity of.
Phylum poritera, qniotara, ctenophora, ptatyhetrninthee, s t nematode 2. Ctenophore gross anatomy and distinguishing features. Medusae phylum ctenophora mnemiopsis leidyi phylum annelida class polychacta platynereis sp. Phylum ctenophora radiate animals the diversity of animal. The cladistic units described here could be used to guide a new classification. The characteristics of characteristics of phylum phylum. Atkinson lj and sink kj eds field guide to the ofshore marine invertebrates of south africa, malachite marketing and. Ctenophore, byname comb jelly, any of the numerous marine invertebrates constituting the phylum ctenophora. They are notable for the groups of cilia they use for swimming commonly. They may prey on small crustaceans phylum arthropoda and the larval stage of various fish and jellyfish species, and oysters. It was hatschek 1839 who put all the ctenophores under a distinct phylum. Phylum cnidaria and ctenophora revision notes for neet. Ctenophore species are largely planktonic, exclusively marine animals, found throughout the worlds oceans, and comprise a significant portion of the planktonic biomass in their range. Gelatinous, mostly holoplanktonic animals commonly called sea gooseberries or comb jellies distinguishing characteristics.
Be able to distinguish radial symmetry from bilateral symmetry. Ctenophore species are largely planktonic, exclusively marine animals, found throughout the worlds oceans, and comprise a significant portion of the planktonic. The phylum derives its name from the greek ctene, or comb, and phora, or bearer from the series of vertical ciliary combs over the surface of the animal. See more ideas about sea creatures, deep sea creatures and jellyfish. Traits unique to ctenophores, or with unique components, are marked with an asterisk. The first definite description of ctenophores was given by martens 1671.
Pdf on jan 1, 2015, krishnamoorthy venkataraman and others published ctenophora find, read and cite all the research you need on. Phylum cnidaria jellyfish, corals, anemones, hydra, etc. The ctenophorans are a small group of freeswimming, planktonic marine animals with transparent, delicate, gelatinous bodies. Gelatinous mesoglea between the epidermal and gastrodermal tissue layers 4. The phylum cnidaria and ctenophora powerpoint presentation covers the following topics and more. Cnidarian characteristics there are approximately 10,000 species of cnidaria world wide, most of which are marine. The body form resembles that of the cnidarian medusa.
In this article we will discuss about the features and classification of ctenophora. The hidden biology of sponges and ctenophores sciencedirect. Phylum cnidaria general characteristics hillary wilson. Ctenophora is greek for combbearers, ktenos for comb and phoros for bearing. General description ctenophores are major predators upon larval fish and zooplankton. However, they have many features that are distinctly different from the cnidarians, such as a mesenchymal musculature, a more developed digestive system. Nearly all authors have divided ctenophores into two classes, the tentaculate six. They swim by means of 8 rows of combs consisting of many fused cilia hairlike extensions of cell membranes these socalled combs or ctene plates are characteristic and give the phylum its name.
All are marine forms occurring in all seas but especially in warm waters. Features of the natural history and anatomy of different ctenophores were extracted from the literature, and analyzed from videographic, photographic and fresh. Phylum ctenophora characteristics they are freeswimming, marine, solitary, pelagic animals. Ctenophora comb jellies a small phylum of carnivorous, hermaphroditic, marine animals, in which the body is biradially symmetrical and can be divided into two hemispheres, and into equal sections by eight ciliated bands, the combs from which the phylum derives its common name. Revision notes on phylum cnidaria and ctenophora phylum cnidaria or coelenterata i tissue grade eumetazoans with a radial symmetry. Inside their clade, each phylum is clearly distinguished by its general features.