The book focused on the practical aspects of reactive compatibilizationcumimpact modification of complex systems containing both virgin polymers andor their mixed plastic waste. May 19, 2008 most polymer blends are immiscible and need to be compatibilized. Reactive compatibilization of blends containing liquid crystalline polymers h. Diblock compatibilizers vs crosslinked reactive compatibilizers candice l. The use of a reactive additive improved the matrix lcp compatibilization and adhesion as indicated by the sem analysis and mechanical testing. Three routes to reactive compatibilization are considered, namely. Morphology and rheology of compatibilized polymer blends. A variety of polymer blends are discussed, including impact modified thermoplastics, polymer modified engineering thermoplastics, dynamically vulcanized thermoplastic elastomers, and co. T1 reactive compatibilization of polyethylene terephthalate and highdensity polyethylene using aminotelechelic polyethylene. Reactive compatibilization of polymer blends springerlink.
Reactive compatibilization and morphology control of polymer. Compatibilization in biobased and biodegradable polymer blends b. Reactive compatibilization of polymer blends by coupling. For pcpmma blends, prior art using this methodology is already existing as well. In this paper, the mechanical aspects of reactive processing compatibilization of compounding of fiber forming polymer blends have been highlighted. Rheology is a branch of physics that deals with the deformation and flow of matter under stress.
Effect of compatibilization in situ on pasebs blends. The majority of polymer blends containing elastomeric, thermoplastic, andor liquid crystalline polymers are processed by melt extrusion. The modified products usually functionalized polymers, may be used as compatibilizers to enhance the properties of dispersed blends or as tielayers in coextruded multilayered structures. Cangianob adepartment of chemical engineering and polymer science program, university of connecticut, storrs, ct 0626936, usa bhoechst research, summit, nj 07901, usa received 21 february 1999. The insituformed graftblock copolymers should be thermodynamically located at the interface to bridge the neighboring phases. Reactive compatibilization of polylactidepolypropylene blends. The compatibilizers formed from the interfacial coupling of two types of reactive chains often have a graft copoly. Addition of premade grafted and block copolymers 3. Lec1 introduction to polymer blend types of polymer blends. In order to tailor properties for specific applications, the compatibilization of immiscible polymer blends is of paramount importance.
Pla and starch chang lim junjournal of polymers and the environment compatibilization in biobased and biodegradable polymer blends european polymer journal b. Reactive compatibilization and morphology control of. Compatibilization in biobased and biodegradable polymer. Here we consider the case where both reactive chains are multifunctional, leading to a crosslinked copolymer at the interface. In the following sections, we discuss some commonly used and often misused definitions of the field, such as those of natural, biobased and biopolymers as well as miscibility and compatibility. Reactive compatibilization and inline morphological analysis. Reactive compatibilization is an effective method to improve the compatibility of immiscible polymer blends. Pmma copolymer, postconsumer pet, morphology, reactive extrusion. Polymer blends handbook polymer nanostructures and. The book focused on the practical aspects of reactive compatibilization cumimpact modification of complex systems containing both virgin polymers andor their mixed plastic waste.
Reactive splicing compatibilization of immiscible polymer. Velankara department of chemical engineering, university of pittsburgh, pittsburgh, pennsylvania 15261 received 20 february 2008. Reactive compatibilization of plapa11 blends and their. Copolymers are formed when the proper functional groups in each component of the immiscible blend interact in the compatibilization process.
Enhancement in interfacial reactive compatibilization by chain mobility enhancement in interfacial reactive compatibilization by chain mobility bhadane, prashant a tsou, andy h cheng, john. However, reactive linear compatibilizers containing reactive groups on the main chains form graft copolymers during reactive blending, and such graft copolymers with an asymmetric molecular structure are often pulled in or pulled out under mechanical shear. Scattering studies of compatibilized polymer blends 11. Compatibilization of polymer blends by reactive processing. The objective of polymer blending is a practical one of achieving commercially viable products through either unique properties or lower cost than some. Reactive compatibilization of the polyethylene terephthalate. The authoritative resource on polymer blends for the twentyfirst century. Introduction polymer blends enjoy widespread application in various.
Compatibilization of polymer blends by shear pulverization 9. In this chapter general strategies for the compatibilization of polymer blends and the functionalization of polymers are brie. Strategies for compatibilization of polymer blends 3. Examples of potential opportunities in reactive compatibilization are also presented. It is done via the addition of a reactive polymer, miscible with one blend component and reactive towards functional groups on the second component, which. Reactive compatibilization of polyethylene terephthalate. Reactive compatibilization of pcpvdf polymer blends by zinc. Polymer blend of two or more different semicrystalline polymers are miscible in the crystalline state as well as in the molten state. Compatibilization in biobased and biodegradable polymer blends. Unfortunately, they are often pulled out of the interface because of the asymmetric molecular structures. The compatibilizers formed from the interfacial coupling of two types of reactive chains often have a graft copolymer architecture. Transparent pcpmma blends via reactive compatibilization. It is seldom possible to mix two or more polymers and create a blend with useful properties.
Molecular dynamics simulation of reactive compatibilization. Lots of research has been carried out on the reactive compatibilization of polymer blends. Most polymer blends are immiscible and need to be compatibilized. Reactive compatibilization of blends containing liquid. Liquid crystalline polymers compatibilization and adhesion. Introduction polymer blends seem to be a viable alternative to obtain new polymeric materials with properties. The classification of route to achieve reactive compatibilization is as follows.
Rheological, mechanical and morphological properties of s. Compatibilization of polymer blends via reactive processing with telechelic copolymers1 earl ashcraft, mark dadmun, university of tennessee blends of polystyrene and polyisoprene are reactively compatibilized using telechelic polystyrene and polyisoprene additives. Compatibilization of polymer blends by janus particles 8. Micro and nano scale phase morphologies, interphase characterization and properties offers a comprehensive approach to the use of compatibilizers in polymer blends, examining both fundamental and advanced knowledge in the field. For example, it has been applied to pc blends such as pcpbt 2325 and pcpet 2628. An effective compatibilizer can be produced in situ by the reaction between coreactive functional groups in the blend constituents during blending process. The polymer blends handbook is a fundamental reference work on polymer blends, covering all aspects. Its thickness 2 to 60 nm, depends on polymer mescibility and compatibilization. Reactive compatibilization of plant polysaccharides and. Compatibilization of polymer blends by reactive processing compatibilization of polymer blends by reactive processing xanthos, m dagli, s. Micro and nanoscale morphology characterization by microscopy 10. Reactive compatibilization of the poly ethylene terephthalateliquid crystalline polymer blends by solid epoxy resin as a coupling agent hungchih chin, kuochan chiou, and fencchih chang institute of applied chemistry, national chiaotung university.
Reactive compatibilization by catalytic transesteri. Reactive compatibilization reactive compatibilization is a procedure in which immiscible polymer blends are compatibilized by creating copolymers in the solution or melt state. Therefore, an appropriate compatibilization of polymer blends is required to overcome this drawback. Polymer blends are physical mixtures of two or more polymers withwithout any chemical bonding between them. Compatibilization of immiscible and incompatible polymer blends can be achieved by using various non reactive and reactive compatibilizers. Petmge blends exhibit complex phase morphology due to the presence of elastomeric particles in the pmma elast copolymer and in the use of mge terpolymer. Blending techniques, melt blending, solution blending, ipns, reactive blending, freeze dry. Reactive compatibilizers are usually used to enhance the compatibility of immiscible polymer blends. Reactive compatibilization of polymer blends by coupling agents and interchange catalysts 7. Polymer melts, polymer blends, miscible polymer blends, immiscible polymer blends, compatibilization, rheological properties and phase structures.
Reactive compatibilization of polypropylene springerlink. Mixture of two or more fractions of the same polymer each of which has different molecular weight distribution. The most definitive and update reference available on the subject, the twovolume set polymer blends. We use a multifunctional epoxy as a reactive coupling agent to study the effect of reactive compatibilization processing on the properties of petlcp blends. This chapter presents the compatibilization of polymer blends by means of reactive coupling agents, which can be considered as one of the most industrially viable solutions. Laboratory of plastics and rubber technology, department of physical chemistry and materials science, budapest university of technology and economics, p. Compatibilization effects in sanepdm blends prepared by. This issue is critical for waste management as the mechanical recycling is the most viable method, it demands sorting of plastic waste for homogeneous streams a. Pdf in situ reactive compatibilization in polymer blends.
Reference polymer blends and composites from renewable resources long yua,b, katherine deana, lin lib reactive blending of biodegradable polymers. Transparent pcpmma blends via reactive compatibilization in. Dmta analysis allowed for the system to be characterized as partially miscible. Compatibilization of immiscible and incompatible polymer blends can be achieved by using various nonreactive and reactive compatibilizers. An effective compatibilizer can be produced in situ by the reaction between co reactive functional groups in the blend constituents during blending process. Reactive compatibilization of polylactic acidpolystyrene. Formulation and performanceexplores and summarizes the recent progress made in polymer blend technology through the use of carefully selected contributions from todays foremost authorities from around the world. Nov 12, 2008 reactive compatibilization is commonly used when blending immiscible homopolymers. Reactive compatibilization of pcpvdf polymer blends by. Enhancement in interfacial reactive compatibilization by.
Blends containing different joncryl contents from 0. Graft copolymers of maleic anhydride and its isostructural. Reactive compatibilization of polylactic acidpolystyrene blends and its application to preparation of hierarchically porous polylactic acid. Key role of structural features of compatibilizing polymer additives in reactive blending. Chapter 2 a novel reactive compatibilization strategy on. Postprint authors version reactive compatibilization of pcpvdf polymer blends by zinc carboxylate.
The literature concerned with compatibilization of tlcppolymer blends has grown exponentially in the. Reactive modification of single polymers may be accomplished through a variety of reagents or through radiation. Compatibilization effects in sanepdm blends prepared by reactive extrusion l. Reactive compatibilization of the poly ethylene terephthalateliquid crystalline polymer blends by solid epoxy resin as a coupling agent hungchih chin, kuochan chiou, and fencchih chang institute of applied chemistry, national chiaotung university, hsinchu, taiwan, republic of china synopsis. Compatibilization of polymer blends utracki 2002 the.
There are only few commercially important polymer blends based on miscible and partially miscible i. Polystyrene ps and polyethylene pe, along with their reactive counterparts, i. Reactive compatibilization is the process of modifying a mixed immiscible blend of polymers to arrest phase separation and allow for the formation of a stable, longterm continuous phase. The book begins by introducing polymer blends, describing thermodynamics, miscibility, and phase separation, and. Reactive compatibilization is commonly used when blending immiscible homopolymers. Compatibilization of immiscible polymer blends using in situ formed janus nanomicelles by reactive blending. Reactive compatibilization and inline morphological.